Because currencies are traded in pairs and exchanged one against the other when traded, the rate at which they are exchanged is called the exchange rate. The majority of the currencies are traded against the US dollar (USD). The four next-most traded currencies are the Euro (EUR), the Japanese yen (JPY), the British pound sterling (GBP) and the Swiss franc (CHF). These five currencies make up the majority of the market and are called the major currencies or "the Majors". Some sources also include the Australian dollar (AUD) within the group of major currencies.
The first currency in the exchange pair is referred to as the base currency and the second currency as the counter term or quote currency. The counter term or quote currency is thus the numerator in the ratio, and the base currency is the denominator. The value of the base currency (denominator) is always 1. Therefore, the exchange rate tells a buyer how much of the counter term or quote currency must be paid to obtain one unit of the base currency. The exchange rate also tells a seller how much is received in the counter term or quote currency when selling one unit of the base currency. For example, an exchange rate for EUR/USD of 1.2083 specifies to the buyer of euros that 1.2083 USD must be paid to obtain 1 euro.
At any given point, time and place, if an investor buys any currency and immediately sells it - and no change in the exchange rate has occurred - the investor will lose money. The reason for this is that the bid price, which represents how much will be received in the counter or quote currency when selling one unit of the base currency, is always lower than the ask price, which represents how much must be paid in the counter or quote currency when buying one unit of the base currency. For instance, the EUR/USD bid/ask currency rates at your bank may be 1.2015/1.3015, representing a spread of 1000 pips (also called points, one pip = 0.0001), which is very high in comparison to the bid/ask currency rates that online Forex investors commonly encounter, such as 1.2015/1.2020, with a spread of 5 pips. In general, smaller spreads are better for Forex investors since even they require a smaller movement in exchange rates in order to profit from a trade.
Margin
Banks and/or online trading providers need collateral to ensure that the investor can pay in case of a loss. The collateral is called the margin and is also known as minimum security in Forex markets. In practice, it is a deposit to the trader's account that is intended to cover any currency trading losses in the future.
Margin enables private investors to trade in markets that have high minimum units of trading by allowing traders to hold a much larger position than their account value. Margin trading also enhances the rate of profit, but can also enhance the rate of loss if the investor makes the wrong decision.
Leveraged financing
Leveraged financing, i.e., the use of credit, such as a trade purchased on a margin, is very common in Forex. The loan/leveraged in the margined account is collateralized by your initial deposit. This may result in being able to control USD 100,000 for as little as USD 1,000.
There are three ways private investors can trade in Forex directly or indirectly:
The spot market
Forwards and futures
Options
A spot transaction
A spot transaction is a straightforward exchange of one currency for another. The spot rate is the current market price, also called the benchmark price. Spot transactions do not require immediate settlement, or payment "on the spot." The settlement date, or "value date," is the second business day after the "deal date" (or "trade date") on which the transaction is agreed to by the two traders. The two-day period provides time to confirm the agreement and arrange the clearing and necessary debiting and crediting of bank accounts in various international locations.
Forwards and Futures
Forwards make up about 46% of currency trading. A forward transaction is an agreement between two parties whereby one party buys a currency at a particular price by a certain date that is greater than two business days (a spot transaction).
A future contract is a forward contract with fixed currency amounts and maturity dates. They are traded on future exchanges and not through the interbank foreign exchange market.
Options
A currency option is similar to a futures contract in that it involves a fixed currency transaction at some future date in time. However the buyer of the option is only purchasing the right but not the obligation to purchase a fixed amount of currency at a fixed price by a certain date in future. The price is known as the premium and is lost if the buyer does not exercise the option.
Risks
Although Forex trading can lead to very profitable results, there are risks involved: exchange rate risks, interest rate risks, credit risks, and country risks. Approximately 80% of all currency transactions last a period of seven days or less, while more than 40% last fewer than two days. Given the extremely short lifespan of the typical trade, technical indicators heavily influence entry, exit and order placement decisions
Nov 12, 2009
Forex risk management strategies
The Forex market behaves differently from other markets! The speed, volatility, and enormous size of the Forex market are unlike anything else in the financial world. Beware: the Forex market is uncontrollable - no single event, individual, or factor rules it. Enjoy trading in the perfect market! Just like any other speculative business, increased risk entails chances for a higher profit/loss.
Currency markets are highly speculative and volatile in nature. Any currency can become very expensive or very cheap in relation to any or all other currencies in a matter of days, hours, or sometimes, in minutes. This unpredictable nature of the currencies is what attracts an investor to trade and invest in the currency market.
But ask yourself, "How much am I ready to lose?" When you terminated, closed or exited your position, did you understand the risks and taken steps to avoid them? Let's look at some foreign exchange risk management issues that may come up in your day-to-day foreign exchange transactions.
Unexpected corrections in currency exchange rates
Wild variations in foreign exchange rates
Volatile markets offering profit opportunities
Lost payments
Delayed confirmation of payments and receivables
Divergence between bank drafts received and the contract price
These are areas that every trader should cover both BEFORE and DURING a trade.
Exit the Forex market at profit targets
Take profit take orders, allow Forex traders to exit the Forex market at pre-determined profit targets. If you are short (sold) a currency pair, the system will only allow you to place a limit order below the current market price because this is the profit zone. Similarly, if you are long (bought) the currency pair, the system will only allow you to place a take profit order above the current market price. Take profit orders help create a disciplined trading methodology and make it possible for traders to walk away from the computer without continuously monitoring the market.
Control risk by capping losses
Stop/loss orders allow traders to set an exit point for a losing trade. If you are short a currency pair, the stop/loss order should be placed above the current market price. If you are long the currency pair, the stop/loss order should be placed below the current market price. Stop/loss orders help traders control risk by capping losses. Stop/loss orders are counter-intuitive because you do not want them to be hit; however, you will be happy that you placed them! When logic dictates, you can control greed.
Where should I place my stop and take profit orders?
As a general rule of thumb, traders should set stop/loss orders closer to the opening price than take profit orders. If this rule is followed, a trader needs to be right less than 50% of the time to be profitable. For example, a trader that uses a 30 pip stop/loss and 100-pip take profit orders, needs only to be right 1/3 of the time to make a profit. Where the trader places the stop and take profit will depend on how risk-adverse he is. Stop/loss orders should not be so tight that normal market volatility triggers the order. Similarly, take profit orders should reflect a realistic expectation of gains based on the market's trading activity and the length of time one wants to hold the position. In initially setting up and establishing the trade, the trader should look to change the stop loss and set it at a rate in the 'middle ground' where they are not overexposed to the trade, and at the same time, not too close to the market.
Trading foreign currencies is a demanding and potentially profitable opportunity for trained and experienced investors. However, before deciding to participate in the Forex market, you should soberly reflect on the desired result of your investment and your level of experience. Warning! Do not invest money you cannot afford to lose.
So, there is significant risk in any foreign exchange deal. Any transaction involving currencies involves risks including, but not limited to, the potential for changing political and/or economic conditions, that may substantially affect the price or liquidity of a currency.
Moreover, the leveraged nature of FX trading means that any market movement will have an equally proportional effect on your deposited funds. This may work against you as well as for you. The possibility exists that you could sustain a total loss of your initial margin funds and be required to deposit additional funds to maintain your position. If you fail to meet any margin call within the time prescribed, your position will be liquidated and you will be responsible for any resulting losses. 'Stop-loss' or 'limit' order strategies may lower an investor's exposure to risk.
Easy-Forex foreign exchange technology links around-the-clock to the world's foreign currency exchange trading floors to get the lowest foreign currency rates and to take every opportunity to make or settle a transaction.
Avoiding/lowering risk when trading Forex:
Trade like a technical analyst. Understanding the fundamentals behind an investment also requires understanding the technical analysis method. When your fundamental and technical signals point to the same direction, you have a good chance to have a successful trade, especially with good money management skills. Use simple support and resistance technical analysis, Fibonacci Retracement and reversal days. Be disciplined. Create a position and understand your reasons for having that position, and establish stop loss and profit taking levels. Discipline includes hitting your stops and not following the temptation to stay with a losing position that has gone through your stop/loss level. When you buy, buy high. When you sell, sell higher. Similarly, when you sell, sell low. When you buy, buy lower. Rule of thumb: In a bull market, be long or neutral - in a bear market, be short or neutral. If you forget this rule and trade against the trend, you will usually cause yourself to suffer psychological worries, and frequently, losses. And never add to a losing position. On Easy-Forex the trader can change their trade orders as many times as they wish free of charge, either as a stop loss or as a take profit. The trader can also close the trade manually without a stop loss or profit take order being hit. Many successful traders set their stop loss price beyond the rate at which they made the trade so that the worst that can happen is that they get stopped out and make a profit.
Currency markets are highly speculative and volatile in nature. Any currency can become very expensive or very cheap in relation to any or all other currencies in a matter of days, hours, or sometimes, in minutes. This unpredictable nature of the currencies is what attracts an investor to trade and invest in the currency market.
But ask yourself, "How much am I ready to lose?" When you terminated, closed or exited your position, did you understand the risks and taken steps to avoid them? Let's look at some foreign exchange risk management issues that may come up in your day-to-day foreign exchange transactions.
Unexpected corrections in currency exchange rates
Wild variations in foreign exchange rates
Volatile markets offering profit opportunities
Lost payments
Delayed confirmation of payments and receivables
Divergence between bank drafts received and the contract price
These are areas that every trader should cover both BEFORE and DURING a trade.
Exit the Forex market at profit targets
Take profit take orders, allow Forex traders to exit the Forex market at pre-determined profit targets. If you are short (sold) a currency pair, the system will only allow you to place a limit order below the current market price because this is the profit zone. Similarly, if you are long (bought) the currency pair, the system will only allow you to place a take profit order above the current market price. Take profit orders help create a disciplined trading methodology and make it possible for traders to walk away from the computer without continuously monitoring the market.
Control risk by capping losses
Stop/loss orders allow traders to set an exit point for a losing trade. If you are short a currency pair, the stop/loss order should be placed above the current market price. If you are long the currency pair, the stop/loss order should be placed below the current market price. Stop/loss orders help traders control risk by capping losses. Stop/loss orders are counter-intuitive because you do not want them to be hit; however, you will be happy that you placed them! When logic dictates, you can control greed.
Where should I place my stop and take profit orders?
As a general rule of thumb, traders should set stop/loss orders closer to the opening price than take profit orders. If this rule is followed, a trader needs to be right less than 50% of the time to be profitable. For example, a trader that uses a 30 pip stop/loss and 100-pip take profit orders, needs only to be right 1/3 of the time to make a profit. Where the trader places the stop and take profit will depend on how risk-adverse he is. Stop/loss orders should not be so tight that normal market volatility triggers the order. Similarly, take profit orders should reflect a realistic expectation of gains based on the market's trading activity and the length of time one wants to hold the position. In initially setting up and establishing the trade, the trader should look to change the stop loss and set it at a rate in the 'middle ground' where they are not overexposed to the trade, and at the same time, not too close to the market.
Trading foreign currencies is a demanding and potentially profitable opportunity for trained and experienced investors. However, before deciding to participate in the Forex market, you should soberly reflect on the desired result of your investment and your level of experience. Warning! Do not invest money you cannot afford to lose.
So, there is significant risk in any foreign exchange deal. Any transaction involving currencies involves risks including, but not limited to, the potential for changing political and/or economic conditions, that may substantially affect the price or liquidity of a currency.
Moreover, the leveraged nature of FX trading means that any market movement will have an equally proportional effect on your deposited funds. This may work against you as well as for you. The possibility exists that you could sustain a total loss of your initial margin funds and be required to deposit additional funds to maintain your position. If you fail to meet any margin call within the time prescribed, your position will be liquidated and you will be responsible for any resulting losses. 'Stop-loss' or 'limit' order strategies may lower an investor's exposure to risk.
Easy-Forex foreign exchange technology links around-the-clock to the world's foreign currency exchange trading floors to get the lowest foreign currency rates and to take every opportunity to make or settle a transaction.
Avoiding/lowering risk when trading Forex:
Trade like a technical analyst. Understanding the fundamentals behind an investment also requires understanding the technical analysis method. When your fundamental and technical signals point to the same direction, you have a good chance to have a successful trade, especially with good money management skills. Use simple support and resistance technical analysis, Fibonacci Retracement and reversal days. Be disciplined. Create a position and understand your reasons for having that position, and establish stop loss and profit taking levels. Discipline includes hitting your stops and not following the temptation to stay with a losing position that has gone through your stop/loss level. When you buy, buy high. When you sell, sell higher. Similarly, when you sell, sell low. When you buy, buy lower. Rule of thumb: In a bull market, be long or neutral - in a bear market, be short or neutral. If you forget this rule and trade against the trend, you will usually cause yourself to suffer psychological worries, and frequently, losses. And never add to a losing position. On Easy-Forex the trader can change their trade orders as many times as they wish free of charge, either as a stop loss or as a take profit. The trader can also close the trade manually without a stop loss or profit take order being hit. Many successful traders set their stop loss price beyond the rate at which they made the trade so that the worst that can happen is that they get stopped out and make a profit.
Forex candlestick chart patterns
This article provides insight into Candlestick patterns that can be extracted from Foreign exchange charts. A candlestick chart is a style of bar-chart used primarily to demonstrate price movements over a certain time period.
Doji
A name for candlesticks that provide information on their own and feature in a number of important patterns. Dojis form when the body of the candle is minimal as market's open and close are virtually equal.
Hammer
A price pattern in candlestick charting that occurs when the market trades significantly lower than its opening, but rallies later in the day to close either above or close to its opening price. This pattern forms a hammer-shaped candlestick.
Inverted hammer
A price pattern in candlestick charting that occurs when a security trades significantly higher after its opening, but gives up most of all of its intraday gain to close well off of its high. Gravestone - The market gaps open above the previous day's close in an uptrend. It rallies to a new high, then loses strength and closes near its low: a bearish change of momentum. Confirmation of the trend reversal would be an opening below the body of the Shooting Star on the next trading day. If the open and the close are identical, the indicator is considered a Gravestone Doji. The Gravestone Doji has a higher reliability associated with it than a Shooting Star.
Shooting star
A candlestick indicating a reversal. The previous day's candle has a very large body. On the day the shooting star occurs, the price (generally) opens higher than the previous day's close, then jumps well above the opening price during the day, but closes lower than the opening price.
Three white soldiers
Three white soldiers is a bullish reversal pattern that forms with three consecutive long white candlesticks. After a decline, the three white soldiers pattern signals a change in sentiment and reversal of trend from bearish to bullish. Further bullish confirmation is not required, but there is sometimes a test of support established by the reversal.
Three black crows
A bearish reversal pattern consisting of three consecutive black bodies where each day opens higher than the previous day's low, and closes near, but below, the previous low.
This information was provided
Doji
A name for candlesticks that provide information on their own and feature in a number of important patterns. Dojis form when the body of the candle is minimal as market's open and close are virtually equal.
Hammer
A price pattern in candlestick charting that occurs when the market trades significantly lower than its opening, but rallies later in the day to close either above or close to its opening price. This pattern forms a hammer-shaped candlestick.
Inverted hammer
A price pattern in candlestick charting that occurs when a security trades significantly higher after its opening, but gives up most of all of its intraday gain to close well off of its high. Gravestone - The market gaps open above the previous day's close in an uptrend. It rallies to a new high, then loses strength and closes near its low: a bearish change of momentum. Confirmation of the trend reversal would be an opening below the body of the Shooting Star on the next trading day. If the open and the close are identical, the indicator is considered a Gravestone Doji. The Gravestone Doji has a higher reliability associated with it than a Shooting Star.
Shooting star
A candlestick indicating a reversal. The previous day's candle has a very large body. On the day the shooting star occurs, the price (generally) opens higher than the previous day's close, then jumps well above the opening price during the day, but closes lower than the opening price.
Three white soldiers
Three white soldiers is a bullish reversal pattern that forms with three consecutive long white candlesticks. After a decline, the three white soldiers pattern signals a change in sentiment and reversal of trend from bearish to bullish. Further bullish confirmation is not required, but there is sometimes a test of support established by the reversal.
Three black crows
A bearish reversal pattern consisting of three consecutive black bodies where each day opens higher than the previous day's low, and closes near, but below, the previous low.
This information was provided
The explosion of the Euro market
The rapid development of the Eurodollar market, where US dollars are deposited in banks outside the US, was a major mechanism for speeding up Forex trading. Likewise, Euro markets are those where assets are deposited outside the currency of origin.
The Eurodollar market first came into being in the 1950s when the Soviet Union's oil revenue -- all in US dollars -- was being deposited outside the US in fear of being frozen by US regulators. This resulted in a vast offshore pool of dollars outside the control of US authorities. The US government therefore imposed laws to restrict dollar lending to foreigners. Euro markets then became particularly attractive because they had fewer regulations and offered higher yields. From the late 1980s onwards, US companies began to borrow offshore, finding Euro markets an advantageous place for holding excess liquidity, providing short-term loans and financing imports and exports.
London was and remains the principal offshore market. In the 1980s, it became the key center in the Eurodollar market when British banks began lending dollars as an alternative to pounds in order to maintain their leading position in global finance. London's convenient geographical location (operating during Asian and American markets) is also instrumental in preserving its dominance in the Euro market.
The Eurodollar market first came into being in the 1950s when the Soviet Union's oil revenue -- all in US dollars -- was being deposited outside the US in fear of being frozen by US regulators. This resulted in a vast offshore pool of dollars outside the control of US authorities. The US government therefore imposed laws to restrict dollar lending to foreigners. Euro markets then became particularly attractive because they had fewer regulations and offered higher yields. From the late 1980s onwards, US companies began to borrow offshore, finding Euro markets an advantageous place for holding excess liquidity, providing short-term loans and financing imports and exports.
London was and remains the principal offshore market. In the 1980s, it became the key center in the Eurodollar market when British banks began lending dollars as an alternative to pounds in order to maintain their leading position in global finance. London's convenient geographical location (operating during Asian and American markets) is also instrumental in preserving its dominance in the Euro market.
The History of the Forex Market
Prior to Bretton Woods, the gold exchange standard -- paramount between 1876 and World War I -- ruled over the international economic system. Under the gold exchange, currencies experienced a new era of stability because they were supported by the price of gold.
However, the gold exchange standard had a weakness of boom-bust patterns. As a country's economy strengthened, its imports would increase until the country ran down its gold reserves, which were required to support its currency. As a result, the money supply would diminish, interest rates escalate and economic activity slowed to the point of recession. Ultimately, prices of commodities would hit bottom, appearing attractive to other nations, who would rush in and amid a buying frenzy inject the economy with gold until it increased its money supply, driving down interest rates and restoring wealth into the economy. Such boom-bust patterns abounded throughout the gold standard until World War I temporarily discontinued trade flows and the free movement of gold.
The Bretton Woods Agreement, established in 1944, fixed national currencies against the dollar, and set the dollar at a rate of USD 35 per ounce of gold. The agreement was aimed at establishing international monetary steadiness by preventing money from taking flight across countries, and to curb speculation in the international currency market. Participating countries agreed to try to maintain the value of their currency within a narrow margin against the dollar and an equivalent rate of gold as needed. As a result, the dollar gained a premium position as a reference currency, reflecting the shift in global economic dominance from Europe to the USA. Countries were prohibited from devaluing their currency to benefit their foreign trade and were only allowed to devalue their currency by less than 10%. The great volume of international Forex trade led to massive movements of capital, which were generated by post-war construction during the 1950s, and this movement destabilized the foreign exchange rates established in Bretton Woods.
The year 1971 heralded the abandonment of the Bretton Woods in that the US dollar would no longer be exchangeable into gold. By 1973, the forces of supply and demand controlled major industrialized nations' currencies, which now floated more freely across nations. Prices were floated daily, with volumes, speed and price volatility all increasing throughout the 1970s, and new financial instruments, market deregulation and trade liberalization emerged.
The onset of computers and technology in the 1980s accelerated the pace of extending the market continuum for cross-border capital movements through Asian, European and American time zones. Transactions in foreign exchange increased intensively from nearly billion a day in the 1980s, to more than $1.9 trillion a day two decades later.
However, the gold exchange standard had a weakness of boom-bust patterns. As a country's economy strengthened, its imports would increase until the country ran down its gold reserves, which were required to support its currency. As a result, the money supply would diminish, interest rates escalate and economic activity slowed to the point of recession. Ultimately, prices of commodities would hit bottom, appearing attractive to other nations, who would rush in and amid a buying frenzy inject the economy with gold until it increased its money supply, driving down interest rates and restoring wealth into the economy. Such boom-bust patterns abounded throughout the gold standard until World War I temporarily discontinued trade flows and the free movement of gold.
The Bretton Woods Agreement, established in 1944, fixed national currencies against the dollar, and set the dollar at a rate of USD 35 per ounce of gold. The agreement was aimed at establishing international monetary steadiness by preventing money from taking flight across countries, and to curb speculation in the international currency market. Participating countries agreed to try to maintain the value of their currency within a narrow margin against the dollar and an equivalent rate of gold as needed. As a result, the dollar gained a premium position as a reference currency, reflecting the shift in global economic dominance from Europe to the USA. Countries were prohibited from devaluing their currency to benefit their foreign trade and were only allowed to devalue their currency by less than 10%. The great volume of international Forex trade led to massive movements of capital, which were generated by post-war construction during the 1950s, and this movement destabilized the foreign exchange rates established in Bretton Woods.
The year 1971 heralded the abandonment of the Bretton Woods in that the US dollar would no longer be exchangeable into gold. By 1973, the forces of supply and demand controlled major industrialized nations' currencies, which now floated more freely across nations. Prices were floated daily, with volumes, speed and price volatility all increasing throughout the 1970s, and new financial instruments, market deregulation and trade liberalization emerged.
The onset of computers and technology in the 1980s accelerated the pace of extending the market continuum for cross-border capital movements through Asian, European and American time zones. Transactions in foreign exchange increased intensively from nearly billion a day in the 1980s, to more than $1.9 trillion a day two decades later.
An overview of the Forex market
An overview of the Forex market
The Forex market is a non-stop cash market where currencies of nations are traded, typically via brokers. Foreign currencies are constantly and simultaneously bought and sold across local and global markets and traders' investments increase or decrease in value based upon currency movements. Foreign exchange market conditions can change at any time in response to real-time events.
The main enticements of currency dealing to private investors and attractions for short-term Forex trading are:
24-hour trading, 5 days a week with non-stop access to global Forex dealers.
An enormous liquid market making it easy to trade most currencies.
Volatile markets offering profit opportunities.
Standard instruments for controlling risk exposure.
The ability to profit in rising or falling markets.
Leveraged trading with low margin requirements.
Many options for zero commission trading.
Forex trading
The investor's goal in Forex trading is to profit from foreign currency movements. Forex trading or currency trading is always done in currency pairs. For example, the exchange rate of EUR/USD on Aug 26th, 2003 was 1.0857. This number is also referred to as a "Forex rate" or just "rate" for short. If the investor had bought 1000 euros on that date, he would have paid 1085.70 U.S. dollars. One year later, the Forex rate was 1.2083, which means that the value of the euro (the numerator of the EUR/USD ratio) increased in relation to the U.S. dollar. The investor could now sell the 1000 euros in order to receive 1208.30 dollars. Therefore, the investor would have USD 122.60 more than what he had started one year earlier. However, to know if the investor made a good investment, one needs to compare this investment option to alternative investments. At the very minimum, the return on investment (ROI) should be compared to the return on a "risk-free" investment. One example of a risk-free investment is long-term U.S. government bonds since there is practically no chance for a default, i.e. the U.S. government going bankrupt or being unable or unwilling to pay its debt obligation.
When trading currencies, trade only when you expect the currency you are buying to increase in value relative to the currency you are selling. If the currency you are buying does increase in value, you must sell back the other currency in order to lock in a profit. An open trade (also called an open position) is a trade in which a trader has bought or sold a particular currency pair and has not yet sold or bought back the equivalent amount to close the position.
However, it is estimated that anywhere from 70%-90% of the FX market is speculative. In other words, the person or institution that bought or sold the currency has no plan to actually take delivery of the currency in the end; rather, they were solely speculating on the movement of that particular currency.
The Forex market is a non-stop cash market where currencies of nations are traded, typically via brokers. Foreign currencies are constantly and simultaneously bought and sold across local and global markets and traders' investments increase or decrease in value based upon currency movements. Foreign exchange market conditions can change at any time in response to real-time events.
The main enticements of currency dealing to private investors and attractions for short-term Forex trading are:
24-hour trading, 5 days a week with non-stop access to global Forex dealers.
An enormous liquid market making it easy to trade most currencies.
Volatile markets offering profit opportunities.
Standard instruments for controlling risk exposure.
The ability to profit in rising or falling markets.
Leveraged trading with low margin requirements.
Many options for zero commission trading.
Forex trading
The investor's goal in Forex trading is to profit from foreign currency movements. Forex trading or currency trading is always done in currency pairs. For example, the exchange rate of EUR/USD on Aug 26th, 2003 was 1.0857. This number is also referred to as a "Forex rate" or just "rate" for short. If the investor had bought 1000 euros on that date, he would have paid 1085.70 U.S. dollars. One year later, the Forex rate was 1.2083, which means that the value of the euro (the numerator of the EUR/USD ratio) increased in relation to the U.S. dollar. The investor could now sell the 1000 euros in order to receive 1208.30 dollars. Therefore, the investor would have USD 122.60 more than what he had started one year earlier. However, to know if the investor made a good investment, one needs to compare this investment option to alternative investments. At the very minimum, the return on investment (ROI) should be compared to the return on a "risk-free" investment. One example of a risk-free investment is long-term U.S. government bonds since there is practically no chance for a default, i.e. the U.S. government going bankrupt or being unable or unwilling to pay its debt obligation.
When trading currencies, trade only when you expect the currency you are buying to increase in value relative to the currency you are selling. If the currency you are buying does increase in value, you must sell back the other currency in order to lock in a profit. An open trade (also called an open position) is a trade in which a trader has bought or sold a particular currency pair and has not yet sold or bought back the equivalent amount to close the position.
However, it is estimated that anywhere from 70%-90% of the FX market is speculative. In other words, the person or institution that bought or sold the currency has no plan to actually take delivery of the currency in the end; rather, they were solely speculating on the movement of that particular currency.
Nov 10, 2009
Futures vs. Forex
Before you begin reading this let me first say that my intention is not to bash 4X market makers. My intention is to educate you on what you will be getting into if you decide to trade the spot 4X market with a 4X market maker vs. a regulated Futures broker. There is a HUGE difference in the two brokers and it could make or break you as a trader. Be careful in your decisions…
When I began learning how to trade the 4X in 2004 I thought that I had found an answer to all my problems. After all, I was hurt with at serious back injury and needed something I could do from home that wasn’t a scam. The 4X was an ideal solution to my problem…or at least that’s what the brokers wanted me to think…
To be honest, the Forex brokers have the best marketing of anything I have ever seen. You’ve seen it…
Massive liquidity compared to Futures
Higher leverage than Futures
Guaranteed no debit balance
Trade with any $$$ amount
Tighter spreads than Futures and Commission free trading
Earnings are not reported to the IRS
24 hour market
Free data feed, charts and easier technical analysis than Futures
The list goes on for the 4X marketing and I’m sure you’ve seen it all. I bought into it and began learning everything I could about the 4X without giving any other type of trading apparatus a 2nd glance. That was a mistake.
In this document I will spell out exactly what the Forex brokers, specifically the market makers, are not telling you and give the much sought after “TRUTH” about the 4X vs. Futures debate.
First off let me say that I still trade the 4X along side the futures market. The only currency pairs I trade in the spot 4X are the GBPJPY and the EURJPY. All other currencies are traded via the futures market. The main reasons for this is that the manipulation I have experienced with market makers and even some 4X brokers who claim to be ECNs is ridiculous. Since the GBPJPY and the EURJPY are extremely volatile I find that trading these 2 pairs alone in the spot 4X market is worth the risk. But every other currency pair I look at is usually based out of the Futures exchange.
Let’s start hitting these points one by one…
The 4X market has a massive amount of liquidity compared to the Futures market.
This one is true. I’ve seen it estimated that the 4X has a volume of anywhere form $1.5 to over $5 trillion daily. This is anywhere from 30-50 times larger than the US Stock Market. This is one advantage that the 4X does have over the Futures market and it is undeniable. But how much is this actually worth to you and me? Honesty, the largest amount I’ve ever traded per pip / tick is around $250. And that was a one time deal. Most traders that I know trade from 1 – 10 lots / contracts per trade. That’s not a large volume. If you have enough money in your account to trade more than that you either have enough money where you don’t need to trade for a living and you are a speculator or you are over leveraging yourself and are playing on dangerous ground.
The 4X market offers higher leverage than Futures
There is some truth to this but it works to the trades disadvantage rather than their advantage. I’ve seen 4X market makers offer up to 500:1 leverage. Let’s put this into perspective…
On US based currency pairs such as the USDJPY, at 100:1 leverage you can trade 1 standard contract for @ $1000 US in your account. Move this to 500:1 and you only need $200 to trade 1 standard contract. That seems great...to the novice trader who is looking for a quick way to make money.
In all honesty, this is how most market makers make money. Since they don’t push the orders through to the banks and take the other side of the trades themselves, they keep all the losses that the traders incur. So unless you are extremely sure of where price is going, using this amount of leverage is riskier than rolling dice at a casino. Right now, 1 contract of the USDJPY is worth @ $8.90. With a spread of 2 (which is what most brokers offer on the USDJPY) you have @ 20 pips of movement until your account is wiped out. At least at 100:1 you have at least 100 or more until this happens. I’ve seen no reputable broker that offers more than 200:1 in the spot 4X market.
Let’s contest this with Futures…
Futures brokers have a required amount per contract that fluctuates from daily rates to overnight rates which is roughly double the daily margin. In the above example, I spoke of the USDJPY. The futures equivalent is the JPY future, which is a near exact mirror image of the USDJPY.
The day trading margin is for trading during the US session, which is from @ 9:30 – 16:00 EST. The daily amount required to trade 1 JPY future contract on my futures broker, Open E Cry, is $1350 / contract. Also a contract is worth $10 and not $8.90. So you can see that the leverage is @ 80:1 and daily and drops to @ 40:1 for holding positions overnight. In the other documents in this package I suggest trading with Oanda and MB Trading. Oanda offers a max leverage of 50:1 and MB Trading offers 100:1. So you can see that for me, there is not a big difference in the 2 as far as leverage and margin are concerned.
And again, this is MAX leverage available. My rule is to use no more than @ 20:1 and usually 10:1 leverage on any trade. This is not really that big of a deal in terms of the 4X being better than the futures market.
Also, this is just on the currencies. Most futures brokers offer a $500 daily margin for the eminis. This is @ 200:1 leverage if calculated on a per contract basis and my CTS system works extremely well on the eminis, even when using high leverage. This is an advantage the futures market has over the 4x that I am taking advantage of…but I’ll get into that later.
Just an FYI for you…
Here is a link to my broker’s page on margins and offered contracts…
http://atcbrokers.com/futures_resources_margin.htm
Guaranteed no debit balance…
This is true for the most part. In trading futures you do have risk of loosing more in your account than you have. All of the 4X market makers I have seen guarantee that you cannot loose more than you have in your account.
Trade with any $$$ amount…
This is also true. In the 4X market you can trade mini and micro accounts. With Oanda you can trade pennies / pip if you like. In the futures market, the smallest account you can have is @ $2000. This allows you to trade with a $500 intraday margin. This is usually opened by people who want to try and trade the eminis
..
When I began learning how to trade the 4X in 2004 I thought that I had found an answer to all my problems. After all, I was hurt with at serious back injury and needed something I could do from home that wasn’t a scam. The 4X was an ideal solution to my problem…or at least that’s what the brokers wanted me to think…
To be honest, the Forex brokers have the best marketing of anything I have ever seen. You’ve seen it…
Massive liquidity compared to Futures
Higher leverage than Futures
Guaranteed no debit balance
Trade with any $$$ amount
Tighter spreads than Futures and Commission free trading
Earnings are not reported to the IRS
24 hour market
Free data feed, charts and easier technical analysis than Futures
The list goes on for the 4X marketing and I’m sure you’ve seen it all. I bought into it and began learning everything I could about the 4X without giving any other type of trading apparatus a 2nd glance. That was a mistake.
In this document I will spell out exactly what the Forex brokers, specifically the market makers, are not telling you and give the much sought after “TRUTH” about the 4X vs. Futures debate.
First off let me say that I still trade the 4X along side the futures market. The only currency pairs I trade in the spot 4X are the GBPJPY and the EURJPY. All other currencies are traded via the futures market. The main reasons for this is that the manipulation I have experienced with market makers and even some 4X brokers who claim to be ECNs is ridiculous. Since the GBPJPY and the EURJPY are extremely volatile I find that trading these 2 pairs alone in the spot 4X market is worth the risk. But every other currency pair I look at is usually based out of the Futures exchange.
Let’s start hitting these points one by one…
The 4X market has a massive amount of liquidity compared to the Futures market.
This one is true. I’ve seen it estimated that the 4X has a volume of anywhere form $1.5 to over $5 trillion daily. This is anywhere from 30-50 times larger than the US Stock Market. This is one advantage that the 4X does have over the Futures market and it is undeniable. But how much is this actually worth to you and me? Honesty, the largest amount I’ve ever traded per pip / tick is around $250. And that was a one time deal. Most traders that I know trade from 1 – 10 lots / contracts per trade. That’s not a large volume. If you have enough money in your account to trade more than that you either have enough money where you don’t need to trade for a living and you are a speculator or you are over leveraging yourself and are playing on dangerous ground.
The 4X market offers higher leverage than Futures
There is some truth to this but it works to the trades disadvantage rather than their advantage. I’ve seen 4X market makers offer up to 500:1 leverage. Let’s put this into perspective…
On US based currency pairs such as the USDJPY, at 100:1 leverage you can trade 1 standard contract for @ $1000 US in your account. Move this to 500:1 and you only need $200 to trade 1 standard contract. That seems great...to the novice trader who is looking for a quick way to make money.
In all honesty, this is how most market makers make money. Since they don’t push the orders through to the banks and take the other side of the trades themselves, they keep all the losses that the traders incur. So unless you are extremely sure of where price is going, using this amount of leverage is riskier than rolling dice at a casino. Right now, 1 contract of the USDJPY is worth @ $8.90. With a spread of 2 (which is what most brokers offer on the USDJPY) you have @ 20 pips of movement until your account is wiped out. At least at 100:1 you have at least 100 or more until this happens. I’ve seen no reputable broker that offers more than 200:1 in the spot 4X market.
Let’s contest this with Futures…
Futures brokers have a required amount per contract that fluctuates from daily rates to overnight rates which is roughly double the daily margin. In the above example, I spoke of the USDJPY. The futures equivalent is the JPY future, which is a near exact mirror image of the USDJPY.
The day trading margin is for trading during the US session, which is from @ 9:30 – 16:00 EST. The daily amount required to trade 1 JPY future contract on my futures broker, Open E Cry, is $1350 / contract. Also a contract is worth $10 and not $8.90. So you can see that the leverage is @ 80:1 and daily and drops to @ 40:1 for holding positions overnight. In the other documents in this package I suggest trading with Oanda and MB Trading. Oanda offers a max leverage of 50:1 and MB Trading offers 100:1. So you can see that for me, there is not a big difference in the 2 as far as leverage and margin are concerned.
And again, this is MAX leverage available. My rule is to use no more than @ 20:1 and usually 10:1 leverage on any trade. This is not really that big of a deal in terms of the 4X being better than the futures market.
Also, this is just on the currencies. Most futures brokers offer a $500 daily margin for the eminis. This is @ 200:1 leverage if calculated on a per contract basis and my CTS system works extremely well on the eminis, even when using high leverage. This is an advantage the futures market has over the 4x that I am taking advantage of…but I’ll get into that later.
Just an FYI for you…
Here is a link to my broker’s page on margins and offered contracts…
http://atcbrokers.com/futures_resources_margin.htm
Guaranteed no debit balance…
This is true for the most part. In trading futures you do have risk of loosing more in your account than you have. All of the 4X market makers I have seen guarantee that you cannot loose more than you have in your account.
Trade with any $$$ amount…
This is also true. In the 4X market you can trade mini and micro accounts. With Oanda you can trade pennies / pip if you like. In the futures market, the smallest account you can have is @ $2000. This allows you to trade with a $500 intraday margin. This is usually opened by people who want to try and trade the eminis
..
If you are planning to trade
If you are planning to trade in currency then you should know the different ways of reading the forex chart. Due to this reason you should try to gain the knowledge about reading the charts. If you know this then you would be able to earn huge profits in short duration of time. You would find that the experienced trader would always take the proper training before entering into the market of forex. If you are a learner then you should always start the trade with the nominal amount. You should no invest huge amount at a particular point of time.
If you want to learn the ways of reading the forex chart then you can purchase this software that would provide you required knowledge about the forex market. This software would aid you to keep the track of the money that you invest in this market and it would also keep the track of your time that you spend in this market. This software would help you to keep a track of the amount that you have invested in the firm. This software is handy. If you are interested to become a forex trading pro then you should try to take the maximum use of this software. If you use this software then you chart using this software then you would get the perfect knowledge about the forex trading that is offered by the forex market.
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If you want to install this software then you need to explore yourself to net. You can use different trends and pattern of the forex chart. You can use the special tools that can be generated in short duration of time. You can use this tool to examine the software that you are using. The forex charts would help the trader to take the decisions about the market in which you are dealing. Forex charting software would provide relief to the people that want to become successful and want to get the deal that they want. There are different methods that can help you to the knowledge that you want to have. This would help you to make the future predictions about the forex market. This would help in charting the different types of software. There are various types of software in the market. You need to select the software as per your needs and requirements. You need to be careful in selecting the software for your deal.
If you want to learn the ways of reading the forex chart then you can purchase this software that would provide you required knowledge about the forex market. This software would aid you to keep the track of the money that you invest in this market and it would also keep the track of your time that you spend in this market. This software would help you to keep a track of the amount that you have invested in the firm. This software is handy. If you are interested to become a forex trading pro then you should try to take the maximum use of this software. If you use this software then you chart using this software then you would get the perfect knowledge about the forex trading that is offered by the forex market.
Currency trading market is considered to the largest market in the whole world and it one of the busiest markets. You would have problem of keeping the track of the forex market. You would be able to keep the track of the various trends that are prevailing in the market. if you are using the this software as a tool then you should study the changes that are taking place in the forex market. The knowledge that you have gain would aid you to trade in the market.
If you want to install this software then you need to explore yourself to net. You can use different trends and pattern of the forex chart. You can use the special tools that can be generated in short duration of time. You can use this tool to examine the software that you are using. The forex charts would help the trader to take the decisions about the market in which you are dealing. Forex charting software would provide relief to the people that want to become successful and want to get the deal that they want. There are different methods that can help you to the knowledge that you want to have. This would help you to make the future predictions about the forex market. This would help in charting the different types of software. There are various types of software in the market. You need to select the software as per your needs and requirements. You need to be careful in selecting the software for your deal.
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